Even though most modern economies are predominately composed of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), employing a large percentage of the workforce, research, policy, and legislation on occupational health and safety (OHS) has been, and still is, mainly based on large enterprises (usually defined as companies with more than 250 employees).
Regulations and management systems are not specifically designed to fit the context of these SMEs, especially micro enterprises (1–50 employees), because of their operational characteristics. They are informally managed by the owner, under extreme financial pressure with tight profit margins, high resource constraints, and limited access to external sources of advice and support. Their lines of communication are shorter; their structure is flat; they are less likely to have formalized management structures and, therefore, generally lack formal documentation (OHS in particular). While the owner often has a high level of personal subject-specific technical knowledge and expertise, their approach to OHS management tends to involve predominantly oral communication. Small SMEs frequently employ family and/or friends and seasonal, casual, or part-time non-unionized workers. They often suffer from skill shortages; staff wages are usually low, and the jobs are less secure. Considering the characteristics of SMEs outlined above, it is hardly surprising that managing safety in SMEs – particularly small ones – differs from managing safety in large organizations.
It is impossible to separate safety management practices from other (general management and operational) aspects of running a small business. Safety management systems in SMEs involve the use of oral rather than written communications, dependency on personal contacts - e.g., with suppliers for information, limited knowledge of OHS Regulations, a tendency to place injury responsibility on the workers, a belief that both physical and chemical agents (e.g., noise and paints) are not dangerous, poor knowledge of health effects – in particular long term health effects, and hazard control are decided by custom and practice and not by risk assessment.
SME owners work long hours and devote time to the most pressing issues. There is less time and energy for ‘non-core’ tasks, of which managing safety is often perceived as one. Thus, relatively poor OHS management and outcomes in SMEs (in contrast to larger enterprises) may be attributed to typical characteristics of SMEs. This makes it more difficult for them to create and maintain a safe and healthy work environment and manage safety. It may explain why employees in SMEs are generally more frequently exposed to hazardous situations and suffer more work-related injuries and illnesses than those working in larger businesses.
This is where the USF SafetyFlorida Consultation Program can help. If you own or manage a small or medium-sized enterprise and want to ensure the safety and health of your workforce, don’t hesitate to reach out. Our expert team provides tailored solutions that fit the unique challenges of SMEs. Contact the USF SafetyFlorida Consultation Program today to schedule a consultation and take the first step toward creating a safer workplace for you and your employees! Your commitment to safety can make a significant difference—let us help you pave the way.