Great Power Competition

9th Great Power Competition Conference // Signature Event
GNSI Tampa Summit 3 examines the revolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as it transforms the very nature of great power competition, conflict, and international cooperation. Competing effectively in this disruptive environment requires understanding how the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and other U.S. rivals are strategically integrating AI technology across economic, diplomatic, information, and military sectors. To meet this challenge, the ninth GPC conference has gathered senior government officials, academic experts, and private industry leaders to examine how great powers such as China are deploying AI, particularly in the pivotal US Central Command Area of Responsibly (AOR), and how the US can respond to these challenges in terms of strategic competition, conflict mitigation, national security, and international cooperation.

Keynote Presentations:

• Vice Admiral Brad Cooper, Deputy Commander, U.S. Central Command (USCENTCOM)
• General Bryan Fenton, Commander, U.S. Special Operations Command (USSOCOM)
• Dr. Craign Martell, Chief Digital and Artificial Intelligence Officer, U.S. Department of Defense (DOD)
• Ylli Bajraktari, President/CEO, Special Competitive Studies Project (SCSP)

Other Featured Speakers:
• Florida Congresswoman, Laurel Lee, Florida 15th District
• Dr. Kathleen Hicks, Deputy Secretary of Defense, U.S. Department of Defense (DOD)
• General (Ret) Frank McKenzie, Executive Director, Global and National Security Institute and former commander U.S. Central Command (USCENTCOM)
• The Honorable Kirstjen Nielsen, former Secretary of U.S. Homeland Security
• Dr. Prasant Mohapatra, Provost and Chief Academic Officer, University of South Florida

Special Breakout Sessions:
Medical Integration of Artificial Intelligence
Dr. Haru Okuda, Executive Director, USF Health, Center for Advanced Medical Learning and Simulation (CAMLS)

Europse, Russia and AI-Enabled Security Threats
Dr. Golfo Alexopoulos, Director, Institute for Russian, European and Eurasion Studies (IREES), University of South Florida

Artificial Intelligence Simulation / Wargame
Walter Kulzy, Senior Operations Research Scientist, Johns Hopkins University

AI: What's Next?
Dr. Robert Hammond, Director, Center of Marketing and Sales Innovations, University of South Florida

8th Great Power Competition Conference // Signature Event
The second GNSI Tampa Summit focused on the specific threats and challenges confronting U.S. national security from the exponential advances in uncrewed and autonomous systems over the past 20 years. Commanders on the ground are grappling with a new era of warfare. But the use of these systems also brings its own dilemmas, challenges and questions. This event took a look into the future use and ethical considerations surrounding the use of these new and increasingly-relied upon systems.

Keynote Presentations:
• Major General (Ret) Charles Dunlap, Jr - Executive Director, Center on Law, Ethics and National Security at Duke University
• Lieutenant General Alexus Grynkewich - Commander, Ninth Air Force (Air Forces Central) and Combined Forces Air Component Commander for U.S. Central Command, Southwest Asia
• General Michael "Eric" Kurilla - Commander, U.S. Central Command
• Dr. Stefanie Tompkins - Director, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)

Other featured speakers are scheduled to include:
• Rhea Law, President, USF
• Dr. Eric Eisenberg, Senior VP University-Community Partnerships, USF
• General (Ret) Frank McKenzie, Executive Director, GNSI and Cyber Florida
• Caitlin Lee, Director and Senior Political Scientist, RAND Corporation
• Dr. Roger Kangas, Academic Dean, NESA
• Schuyler Moore, Chief Technology Officer, U.S. Central Command
• David Des Roches, Assistant Professor, NESA
• Laura Cressey, Director, Office of Regional Security and Arms Transfers, U.S. State Department
• Lt. Colonel Joseph Chapa, Chief Responsible AI Ethics Officer, United States Air Force
• Jennifer McCardle, Adjunct Senior Fellow, Defense Program, Center for New American Security (CNAS)

GPC7 featured a keynote address from General (Ret) Frank McKenzie, former commander of U.S. Central Command, as well as addresses from Brigadier General (Ret) Peter Zwack, Gregory Ryckman from the DIA, David Lamm from NESA, Lieutenant General Dimitri Henry from the Joint Staff and Major General David Doyle, Chief of Staff at U.S. Central Command. The conference focused on the growing battle with Russia and China for influence in the Greater Middle East and implications for the Central Region.

Originally scheduled for September of 2022, GPC6 was postponed because of Hurrican Ian. Rescheduled for December, and consolidated into a one day event, GPC6 featured a keynote address from General Michael E. Kurilla, Commander of U.S. Central Command. Addresses were also delivered by General (Ret) Frank McKenzie, Executive Director of GNSI and former commander of U.S. Central Command,  as well as Ambassador and former Assistant Secretary at the U.S. Treasury Department, Marshall Billingslea.

GPC5 examined the position of the United States as a result of some of the dramatic changes to US foreign and domestic policy, law enforcement, intelligence gathering, counterterrorism, and military operations after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, our withdrawal from Afghanistan, and the Russian invasion of Ukraine, and extrapolating their impact for 2022 and beyond, considering how each of these areas may need to adapt (or not) for that uncertain future in the face of new and emerging threats from foreign adversaries.

Picking up where the September 2021 GPC conference left off, this event will feature commentary from the people who helped lead and implement some of the Nation’s most dramatic post-9/11 changes—geopolitically, institutionally, legally, and otherwise, from three perspectives: Where are we today, where might we be in 2032, and what does the US need between now and then to influence that future? Where appropriate, speakers will focus specifically on the CENTCOM AOR, exploring, for example, how will the nature of the threat change over the next decade, and what can the US do to prepare for it. In that regard, many laws, organizations, and policies were established in response to 9/11, but are they still viable today…and how might (or must) they change in the future? Where might the next 9/11 come from, and are we ready?

As the US turned the corner on the two decades since 9/11 and began withdrawal from 20 years of war in Afghanistan without a clear indication of what it achieved, an introspective approach was critical. This GPC Conference, the fourth in a continuing series, focused on the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and the United States’ subsequent military and diplomatic response.

The event took place on 22-23 September 2021, commemorating the twentieth anniversary of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on U.S. soil. The conference focused on the U.S. military, diplomatic, and strategic responses immediately following the attacks, as well as critical lessons learned over time and in light of current events in Afghanistan as they unfolded.

Day One of the September conference addressed the specific conditions leading up to the attacks, the attacks themselves and the immediate military and diplomatic reactions to them. Speakers reflected as well on these conditions and actions in relation to the U.S. withdrawal of troops from Afghanistan.

Day Two explored U.S. strategic responses to the attacks and began a dialogue on long-term outcomes, including impacts from the end of “the longest war” in Afghanistan. Participants focused on the ensuing Global War on Terror and the resulting lessons learned, not only in the

Middle East, but in relation to U.S. competition with near-peer nation states: Iran, Russia and China, and their proxies.

The GPC conference considered the connections between the attacks and the Great Power Competition, the ripple eff ects in the region, and the takeaways to pass on to the next generation of leaders and decision-makers.

The third conference in the Great Power Competition series addressed the cybersecurity threat facing the U.S. and its allies and partners. The conference encompassed not only military and technological dimensions but also the social, economic, and political risks associated with cybersecurity threats and capabilities from potential adversaries who seek to steal information, cause disruption, and influence behavior in pursuit of global and/or regional goals. Their actions pose an acute threat to national and international security, critical infrastructure, economic stability, and social cohesion. 

The event examined the United States’ role in cyberspace from two perspectives: threat and response. First, speakers and panelists discussed current and emerging cyberattacks conducted by various nation-states and their proxies: Who and what are the targets? Who was behind the attacks? What were the strategic, operational, and tactical objectives behind these attacks? 

GPC3 also explored national options for responding to these threats on the tactical, strategic, and doctrinal levels: How can we respond to these threats, and how should we respond? What are the obstacles to and consequences of strategic and tactical response options? What technological solutions are on the horizon? Should the U.S. adopt a more multi-domain offensive posture that eschews the current dominant “cyber vs cyber” paradigm? 

Other discussions examined the technological threats to critical infrastructure; cyber operations strategy, tactics, and doctrine; information influence operations; the weaponization of social media; and more.

GPC2 featured keynote addresses from Lieutenant General Michael Nagata and Major General Alexus Grynkewich, along with plenary remarks from Lieutenant General (Ret)  Karen Gibson and Robert Jones. 

The implications of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on U.S. objectives in the USCENTCOM region was uncertain. The dawn of the 21st century was already marked by notable changes in the international system prior to the COVID pandemic including challenges to the modern nation-state international system, emboldening of individuals and groups supported by advances in information and communication technology (ICT), and intensification of great power competition for influence.  

These dynamics, especially in post-conflict and fragile areas, provided a fertile field for violent extremist organizations (VEOs) to take advantage of vulnerable, aggrieved, and traumatized populations to fuel radicalization, recruitment, and unrest. The addition of an unprecedented number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and refugees in the region exacerbated the many social and ethnic cleavages in the region that underpin regional instability. Layered on top of these concerns are sophisticated efforts by regional and global powers to yield economic, security, and cultural levers of power to influence and shape population groups across the grievance CENTCOM area of responsibility. 

As it was still early in the effort to understand how the ongoing response to the COVID-19 pandemic will impact U.S. interests and capabilities in the region, this second conference in the Great Power Competition Conference Series considered how the COVID-19 Pandemic impacted U.S. military readiness, reach, and effectiveness. This GPC Conference expanded current considerations of popular radicalization and information and explored the threats and opportunities posed by the U.S. response to the pandemic across key challenges in the Central Region.

The inaugural Great Power Competition Conference provided a forum for strategic thinkers, scholars, leaders, and subject matter experts to discuss, collaborate, and provide perspectives on each of the Great Powers' ability to influence the political, security, and economic issues in the Central Region.

The conference facilitated an understanding of Great Power and Regional Perspectives in the Central Region as it related to (1) regional perspectives on the Afghanistan peace process, (2) regional perspectives on Iran, (3) regional diplomacy and politics, (4) regional economic challenges and opportunities, (5) security, trends, threats, and areas of cooperation, and (6) U.S. leverage of the information environment to support a stable region. With this deeper understanding, according to the National Security Strategy, the U.S. can create the required competitive space and security capabilities to prevent China and Russia from "contesting America's geopolitical advantages and try to change the international order in their favor."